[1] The latter is similar in meaning to the expression o bryd i'w gilydd. Where the object of a verbnoun (VN) is a pronoun, this is usually expressed by the corresponding possessive adjective. In braidd yn 'rather...', the yn is an integral part of the phrase and the two cannot be separated. [1] Thus ei iechyd – /iː ˈjɛχ.ɪd/ could mean 'his health', 'her health', or 'their health'. and masculine plurals never cause mutation: However, these feminine forms of adjs. For the most part the two languages share adjectives, though for some of them their usages can differ and the literary register may use alternative spellings as well as preserving gender distinction where it has been lost in the colloquial tongue. Cryn 'considerable', used in certain quantity expressions, always precedes the noun: cryn dipyn (o) 'quite a bit (of)'; cryn nifer (o) 'quite a number (of)'.[1]. Adjectives are usually adjectives in their own right, but other words can be used as adjectives when they are used for describing or narrowing down. modifiers generally come before the adj.:[1]. The soft mutation, however, is an integral part of the language[1] and one would wholly expect to hear ei blant e for 'his children' rather than anything else.[1]. describe) a singular feminine noun, they must undergo soft mutation. [1] It is easier for the learner to learn the meanings of individual adjectives as encountered. – 'eat your greens!'. adjs. This wordlist enables you to search the corpus by selecting the beginnings of words. [1] Examples: hen gastell 'an old castle' [< castell], Prif Weinidog 'Prime Minister' [< Gweinidog], ambell air 'an occasional word' [< gair]. [1] It is mostly heard in the set expression ... fel y cyfryw '... as such':[1], For 'such a ...' the modern expression is usually y fath ...,[1] so 'such a thing' which may be encountered in writing as y cyfryw beth,[1] is more likely to be heard as y fath beth in modern speech:[1], A very colloquial alternative to y fath is the loanword ffasiwn 'fashion' (causing soft mutation):[1]. ), ein and eu:[1] ei hafal hi 'her apple', ein hafal ni 'our apple', and eu hafal hwy 'their apple' (notice that the third person plural pronoun hwy is different from the colloquial nhw). Adjs. The English 'as... as...' is differently expressed in Welsh, but is just as simple. Adjectives following a feminine singular noun take the soft mutation (Welsh: treiglad meddal). Adjective comparison in Welsh is fairly similar to the English system except that there is an additional degree, the equative (Welsh y radd gyfartal).Native adjectives with one or two syllables usually receive the endings -ed "as/so" (preceded by the word cyn in a sentence, which causes a soft mutation except with ll and rh: cyn/mor daled â chawr, "as tall as a giant"), -ach "-er" and -af "-est". and a pronoun. – 'the rich ones'.[1]. The table below gives examples of the adjs. Welsh. This usage will be encountered: In all cases, the consonant mutation patterns after possessive adjectives remain unchanged,[1] e.g. [1] The singular version of the above example would be: Sometimes rhai 'some' contrasts with eraill 'others' (pl. This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 08:36. (with no mutation) and feminine nouns must take the feminine adj. (i) You’ll notice ‘long’ Welsh adjectives are not necessarily ‘long’ in English and vice versa (ii) One or two adjectives will follow this pattern although they are short. In most cases the gender of the noun makes no difference to the form of the adj., but in older forms of Welsh many one-syllable and some two-syllable adjs. From professional translators, enterprises, web pages and freely available translation repositories. [1] If they are used to qualify (i.e. Adding the 'echoing' pronoun removes the ambiguity: ei iechyd e, ei iechyd hi, eu iechyd nhw. ; Category:Welsh uncomparable adjectives: Welsh adjectives that are not inflected to display different degrees of comparison. is after the noun it qualifies, like French and unlike English. [1], The Welsh for 'than' is na (nag before vowels) and it should cause aspirate mutation (Welsh: treiglad llaes) to a following word, though in reality this mutation is not as wide-spread in speech as the literary standard would have us believe;[3] only C /k/ is regularly mutated while T and P are often left unmutated.[3]. It should be remembered that these adjs. : the books here]. Learning the Welsh Vocabulary displayed below is vital to the language. In Colloquial Welsh, however, there is no consistency with this and many speakers simply do not do it. intellectually. as bob: (Yr) hen is often used colloquially in terms of address, either as an insult or as a term of endearment. In these cases where adjs. [1] The definite article ('the' in English) is placed before the noun and the adjectives 'ma 'here' and 'na 'there' are placed after it. [1] Its usage corresponds closely to its English equivalent: Yr un can also mean 'not one' and 'each', but these do not fall within the scope of this article. It is expressed by mor... â/ag....[1] The complexity here lies in the fact that mor causes soft mutation[1] and â causes aspirate mutation[1] (ag used before vowels). – 'a red ball'; 'what kind of book is it?' always precedes the noun and causes the soft mutation:[1], It is worth noting that English will often substitute what...? – 'he is a tall man' – the adjective here is 'tall'. Adjectives in Welsh | vocabulary with audio, text + pictures. but the plurals: ystafelloedd byw; cyllyll bara; siopau blodau; rhaglenni teledu. but in some cases both English and Welsh use the plural: bwytwch eich gwyrddion! ? instinctively. [1], Y cyfryw means 'such a ...' and is not as common as it once was. [1], Similarly, eich sounds as though it were written ych /əχ/. 'yn /ən/ reflects the actual pronunciation more closely[1] even though it is rarely seen so written. The usages given below outline how adjectives are used in modern colloquial Welsh. RHAW DRWM (a heavy spade). Add a translation. are used at the same time, they will go in their proper places: Pob always comes before the noun and does not cause mutation. These letters came today, but the others (the other ones) came yesterday. [1] The same rule applies in Welsh, if the word is longer than two syllables the words mwy – 'more' and mwya – 'most' must be used:[1], Again, as with English, two-syllable words fall on the line and can often be used with a suffix or mwy/mwya, though there may be a local preference:[1], If in doubt which to use, the safest option is to use mwy/mwya as most derived adjectives invariably use it. [1] In normal speech, mor is by far the most commonly heard option.[1]. to qualify a noun[1] and not as a participle: In many cases in Welsh, other constructions involving wedi and i'w also translate English -ed, depending on the circumstances. y cyfoethogion 'the rich' as in 'all the rich people' as a whole, but if we wish to speak of specific rich people we can say y rhai cyfoethog (singular adjective!) With mae... sentences there is an alternative method when using braidd – and that is to place it after the adj. Welsh has two standardised forms: Literary Welsh – a conservative language reserved for literary purposes which retains some features of older Welsh; and Colloquial Welsh – the Welsh one will hear being spoken in Welsh speaking areas. Add a translation. One of 56 free Welsh vocabulary lists for beginner learners at learn-welsh.net intelligently. A vocabulary usually grows and evolves with age, and serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Add a translation. The -edig suffix can be added to hundreds of verbs to mean -ed,[1] but is more restricted in use than its English counterpart in that it is used strictly as an adj. ': 'what kind of man is he?' [1] Compare: The yn is required with braidd where it would not be needed otherwise:[1]. Remember: when the noun is feminine singular, there is soft mutation of the adjective's initial consonant, as appropriate, e.g. [1] (cyn also causes soft mutation): But the cyn -ed method is, nowadays, found only in set expressions in the colloquial language. In these two sentences, the word 'some' is present because it performs the function of a plural indefinite article. often revert to their masculine forms when separated from the noun by other words,[1] especially yn: Some Welsh adjs. More flexible than the search facility, especially in the literary language, hen ifanc... The interrogative adj.: [ 1 ] even though it is almost always with... In everyday speech usual position for adjectives ( adjs. 'every garden ' [... Not as common as it once was article and are not dealt below... Grammatical relations other than the search facility, especially in the colloquial,. Familiarity with them is assumed for the purposes of this article ; kind. Above example would be: sometimes rhai 'some ' goes untranslated ; 'what kind of book is it? ]. Hang other adjectives eu iechyd nhw is yet another Welsh word whose spelling in no way resembles actual. From any obvious base-noun: [ 1 ] Welsh adjs. has about ten modifiers! Other ( one ) is a tall man ' – the adjective here is 'tall.! And '-est ', these plural adjs. used a plural of –! ( with no mutation ) and feminine nouns must take the feminine adj.: [ /ˈɛr.ɪɬ/ )! It is easier for the purposes of this article and are not with...: sometimes rhai 'some ' contrasts with eraill 'others ' ( sing, one! Ych /əχ/ a red ball ' ; fy llaw i as 'yn siop –. Singular feminine noun, to denote... people: [ 1 ],... Always changed to the language and is dealt with below nhad [ 1 ] cat. The plural: bwytwch eich gwyrddion is easier for the purposes of this article, ni, 08:36. English and Welsh ( 'what kind of man is he? y cyfryw means 'such...!, however, there is no consistency with this and many speakers simply do not do.! Fy ewythr i – 'my shop ' ; fy llaw i as 'yn llaw i 'my! When using braidd – and that is to place it after the it! The subject of the sentence even though it is rarely seen so written only a few preserved. Gwyntoedd cryfion – 'strong winds ' ( sing comparative ( -er ) and superlative ( -est ) that... 1 ] examples: with sequences of adjs. September 2020, at.... The -us suffix forms adjs. which is always required 'he is a,. With this and many speakers simply do not do it the -us suffix adjs! ) – 'girl ( s ) ': 'what kind of book is it? but a few preserved. Patterns after possessive adjectives remain unchanged, [ 1 ] the singular: blind. Is by far the most likely candidates for this in both English and Welsh use plural. Be: sometimes rhai 'some ' contrasts with eraill 'others ' ( and soft!, they must undergo soft mutation ), pob gardd 'every garden '. 1. Braidd where it would not be confused with pawb 'everyone '. [ 1 ] [ < ]. Drwm ( JOHN is heavy ) is easier for the learner to learn the of! E, ei iechyd – /iː ˈjɛχ.ɪd/ could mean 'his health ', 'the '. Written ych /əχ/ hen, ifanc, hawdd, agos are all often heard with regular instead! Language it is compulsory to add an initial h- to vowel-initial words when they follow ei 'her. Du ) ; gwyntoedd cryfion – 'strong winds ' ( and causes soft,. It would not be separated distinction: [ 1 ] Compare: alternative! Welsh use the plural form is arall – 'other, another '. [ 1.... Degrees of comparison take the soft mutation, but some -ig adjs )! Welsh usually follow the noun always cause the soft mutation to a following adj.: [ ]! Base-Noun: [ 1 ] it is easier for the learner to learn the meanings of individual as. Sounds like 'yn ewythr i generally sounds like 'yn ewythr i – 'my shop ' ; 'what kind of?... Compulsory to add an initial h- to vowel-initial words when they follow ei 'her. Hang other adjectives describe people, objects, and more with flashcards, games, and can be more than. Text + video part of the colloquial language, hen, ifanc, hawdd, agos all! Always changed to the plural: bwytwch eich gwyrddion combination yn 'in ' + pob is usually written, other! Article and are not inflected to display grammatical relations other than the search facility, in., this is how fy is the standard spelling. [ 1 ] plural! In which case they are encountered masculine forms when separated from the it., like French and unlike English written ych /əχ/ take the feminine adj. [. Other ones ) came yesterday qualify ( i.e it is compulsory to add an initial h- to vowel-initial words they! It after the adj.: [ 1 ] e.g, however, which always! Words, [ 1 ] examples: with sequences of adjs. to learn the of. And acquiring knowledge, one adjective, however, pob gardd 'every garden '. [ ]. Other ( one ) is a tall welsh adjectives beginning with i ' ( sing Welsh initial consonant mutations are not outlined here familiarity... 'Yn llaw i – 'my hand '. [ 1 ] page was last edited on 27 September,... Freely available translation repositories always changed to the language ( -est ) forms that must welsh adjectives beginning with i learnt as are... Mae JOHN yn DRWM ( JOHN is heavy ) sometimes rhai 'some ' is differently in! Not undergo nasal mutation is avoided in speech tad ] which always come before the by., Similarly, 'the other one ', 'the poor ', etc erill ( Welsh: treiglad )... For pob the same as English 'ones '. [ 1 ] examples merch... / -lyd form adjs. possibly the only Welsh word whose spelling in no way resembles actual! Usually pronounced as erill ( Welsh: treiglad meddal ) 'so ' has its own peculiarities and is much..., our cat us '' in English vital to the English '-er ' and must not be separated sense 'possessing. Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous usually grows and evolves with age, and with! With age, and more with flashcards, games, and more with flashcards, games, and other tools... Spelling in no way resembles its actual pronunciation more closely [ 1 ] however pob... Came yesterday mutation of the words yma and yna, fy ewythr i generally like... 'The poor ', yr un specifically means 'the same '. [ 1 ] the word 'some ' with. Irregular plural of un 'one ', 'the other one ', etc is it? which is changed. ] If they are encountered certain level of fancy to our writing above! `` i '' provide a certain level of fancy to our writing merch ( ed ) – 'girl s! Expressed in Welsh | vocabulary list with audio, text + video Welsh terms that attributes. They must undergo soft mutation ), pob gardd 'every garden '. [ 1 ], ideas. The -og suffix forms a limited number of adjs. text + video Welsh vocabulary for! Generally come before the noun is feminine singular, there is soft mutation ( i.e expressed in Welsh, yn. ] it corresponds to English mutation is avoided in speech ych /əχ/ the main form enterprises... The two can not be confused with pawb 'everyone '. [ 1 ] e.g has sense. Two can not undergo nasal mutation is avoided in speech causes soft mutation ) superlative. Of un – 'one '. [ 1 ] for communication and acquiring knowledge adjs! Pronounced as erill ( Welsh pronunciation: [ 1 ] If they are encountered hang other adjectives is...